基于DFT的正弦波初相估计算法及误差分析

提出一种基于DFT(Discrete Fourier Transforms)频谱相位信息的正弦波初相高精度估计方法.该方法通过截取正弦波的两段长度不同的离散序列,利用它们的DFT系数来消去正弦信号的频率项,从而估计其初相.同时,给出了在高斯白噪声背景下,利用该种方法进行正弦波初相估计的均方根误差计算公式,此公式表明了均方根误差与信噪比及FFT(Fast Fourier Transforms)长度之间的关系.并以此均方根误差最小化为目标,对该估计方法进行了优化改进,得到方法中参数的最优选取方案.选择最优参数的过程即是对以均方根误差最小为目标的整数规划问题的求解过程.应用Monte Carlo仿真,将改进后的算法的性能与已有的几种典型算法的性能及Cramer-Rao下限进行了分析比较,并验证了所推导的均方根误差计算公式的正确性.      

涡轮叶盘加工技术

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异种高强铝合金间搅拌摩擦焊接头组织与性能研究

通过搅拌摩擦焊接技术成功连接了两种应用于航天工业的铝合金2195-T8和2219-T87。实验中固定焊接转速,研究了焊缝组织和力学性能随焊接走速的变化关系,发现焊核区上部异种材料间有明显界面,且该界面形貌受焊接走速影响剧烈。同时在焊接速度较高时,发现一种新的搅拌摩擦焊接接头的断裂模式。此种断裂模式与焊核区上部形成的异种材料间界面形貌和冶金结合强度有关。本文探讨了其产生原因及其对接头力学性能的影响。     

Study of parachute inflation process using fluid–structure interaction method

A direct numerical modeling method for parachute is proposed firstly, and a model for the star-shaped folded parachute with detailed structures is established. The simplified arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian fluid–structure interaction(SALE/FSI) method is used to simulate the inflation process of a folded parachute, and the flow field calculation is mainly based on operator splitting technique. By using this method, the dynamic variations of related parameters such as flow field and structure are obtained, and the load jump appearing at the end of initial inflation stage is captured. Numerical results including opening load, drag characteristics, swinging angle, etc. are well consistent with wind tunnel tests. In addition, this coupled method can get more space–time detailed information such as geometry shape, structure, motion, and flow field. Compared with previous inflation time method, this method is a completely theoretical analysis approach without relying on empirical coefficients, which can provide a reference for material selection, performance optimization during parachute design.     

基于改进扩展分形特征的SAR图像目标检测方法

提出了一种新的纹理特征-改进扩展分形特征用于SAR图像目标检测.改进扩展分形特征通过度量SAR图像中物体表面四个方向的结构函数在双尺度上的增量水平,确定目标与杂波在特征空间的不同响应特性,实现目标的检测.采用模拟目标脉冲模型分析了改进扩展分形特征在不同信噪比条件下对不同尺寸目标的响应特性,分析结果表明改进扩展分形特征具有目标尺寸敏感性.利用SAR实测数据验证了改进扩展分形特征在强杂波和多目标环境下的优良检测性能与空间分辨率特性.     

基于方向投影的堑壕和交通壕自动检测

对航空照片上堑壕和交通壕的判读是野战工事判读中一项重要的内容，对堑壕和交通壕影像的检测是该项判读工作的技术基础。本文提出了航空照片图上的基准点，并给出了基于方向投影基准点的堑壕和交通壕自动检测方法。     

精密微型方孔的加工

分析了微型方孔的加工难点,介绍加工微型方孔所用电极的设计、制造及加工工艺。     

基于信息论匀质性测度的各向异性扩散相干斑抑制算法

 针对传统各向异性扩散抑斑算法存在的均匀区域噪声平滑不充分、边缘随迭代弱化及迭代次数的确定缺乏理论指导等问题,提出了一种新的各向异性扩散抑斑算法,该算法采用信息论匀质性测度作为图像中匀质区域与边缘的鉴别因子,使扩散系数能够更准确地控制扩散强度与扩散速率,从而达到充分平滑均匀区域噪声及保护边缘的目的。基于各向异性扩散方程求解与鲁棒误差范数最小化的等效性,提出了一种各向异性扩散方程的迭代停止准则。利用合成孔径雷达图像对本文算法的抑斑和边缘保持性能进行了仿真实验验证。结果表明,本文算法在均匀区域相干斑噪声抑制、边缘保持等方面均取得了优于传统算法的效果。     

薄片状聚酰亚胺多孔材料的研究进展

综述了薄片状聚酰亚胺多孔材料的研究进展,主要介绍了薄片状的聚酰亚胺多孔材料的产品种类、研究单位、性能指标、应用情况及制备方法,并提出了目前对薄片状聚酰亚胺多孔材料研究存在的问题以及研究现状,展望了薄片状聚酰亚胺多孔材料在今后的研究方向和发展趋势.薄片状聚酰亚胺多孔材料,已经作为垫片用在宇宙飞船的多层隔热系统中,甚至会逐渐替代传统的多层隔热系统材料.     

Springback prediction of thick-walled high-strength titanium tube bending

Significant springback occurs after tube rotary-draw-bending （RDB）, especially for a high-strength Ti-3A1-2.5V tube （HSTT） due to its high ratio of yield strength to Young＇s modulus. The combination scheme of explicit and implicit is preferred to predict the springback. This simulation strategy includes several numerical parameters, such as element type, number of elements through thickness （NEL）, element size, etc. However, the influences of these parameters on spring- back prediction accuracy are not fully understood. Thus, taking the geometrical specification 9.525 mm × 0.508 mm ofa HSTT as the objective, the effects of numerical parameters on prediction accuracy and computation efficiency of springback simulation of HSTT RDB are investigated. The simulated springback results are compared with experimental ones. The main results are： （1） solid and continuum-shell elements predict the experimental results well; （2） for C3DSR elements, NEL of at least 3 is required to obtain reliable results and a relative error of 29% can occur as NEL is varied in the range of 1-3; （3） specifying damping factor typically works well in Abaqus/Emplicit simulation of springback and the springback results are sensitive to the magnitude of damping factor. In addition, the explanations of the effect rules are given and a guideline is added.